Academic Writing
2 min read
Stages of preparing a manuscript

Table of contents
The process of composing a high-quality journal article can be intricate, but breaking it down into smaller tasks can make it more manageable. Here are the main steps I would recommend, along with some sub-tasks to guide you through each phase:
The process of composing a high-quality journal article can be intricate, but breaking it down into smaller tasks can make it more manageable. Here are the main steps I would recommend, along with some sub-tasks to guide you through each phase:
Phase 1: Planning and Conceptualization
1. Topic Identification
- Conduct a literature review
- Identify a gap in the existing research
- — Determine the significance and potential impact
2. Formulating Research Questions
- Make them clear, focused, and researchable
3. Hypothesis Development
- State what you expect to find
4. Methodology Planning
- Decide on your research methods and design
- Determine what data you’ll need and how to collect it
5. Team Coordination (if applicable)
- Assign roles and responsibilities
- Set deadlines for each team member
Phase 2: Data Collection and Analysis
1. Pilot Testing (if necessary)
- Test your instruments, methods, or experimental setup
2. Data Collection
- Follow your methodology strictly
- Document everything carefully
3. Data Analysis
- Perform initial data cleaning and pre-processing
- Analyze the data according to your plan
- Record findings and take notes for discussion
Phase 3: Drafting the Manuscript
1. Outline
- Create a detailed outline of each section
2. Drafting
- Write the Methods section
- Write the Results section
- Write the Introduction
- Write the Discussion
- Write the Conclusion
3. Figures and Tables
- Create or choose graphs, tables, and other visual aids
4. References
- Compile your bibliography, following the required style guide
Phase 4: Revision and Peer Review
1. Self-Review
- Check for coherence, argument strength, and clarity
2. Peer Review
- Share your draft with colleagues or mentors for feedback
3. Revisions
- Revise your article based on the feedback received
Phase 5: Submission and Post-Submission
1. Journal Selection
- Choose an appropriate journal for your field and topic
2. Submission
- Follow the journal’s guidelines for manuscript submission
3. Respond to Reviewers
- Make revisions as necessary
- Provide a clear response to each reviewer’s comments
4. Final Submission and Publication
- Submit the final version of your article
- Monitor the publication process
5. Post-Publication
- Disseminate your work
- Engage with the academic community for feedback and collaboration
I hope this structured approach will help guide you through the often complex process of research and academic writing.
Written by
Morteza Amini